Paper Abstracts, In Order of Appearance          (go to Posters)

9:05-9:20 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom
Authors: Emily R. Goforth
Title: The Effect of Response Generated Cues on Serial Position Learning
Department: Psychology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Richard A. Burns

Abstract: Theoretical models of serial position learning attempt to explain the process by which animals respond to items in a list. Two theoretical models, one proposing animals use memory association cues (Capaldi & Miller, 1988) and the other proposing animals employ ordinal position cues (Burns, Kinney, and Criddle, 2000) to respond to items within a list, have been the emphasis of much research. A third theoretical model, however, one in which animals utilize response-generated cues, has emerged as a potential explanation of animal serial behavior. The purpose of the present study, therefore, was clarification of the role response generated cues play in determining performance of serial position learning. The experiment involved rats which had been runway trained on varying three-trial series, RNR, where R refers to series trials that concluded with a reward of four or eight sucrose pellets, and where N refers to series trials that concluded with non-reward. The inclusion of response placements within these series, or placing an animal in the start box, then directly in the goal box, was designed to nullify the potential response generated cue of running speed in which an animal may use his own behavior to anticipate reward or non-rewarded trials. An initial transfer test altered reward memories and deprived the animals of response cues at the beginning of the series, NNR. A second transfer test, NNR, was implemented in a similar methodology of the first transfer test, with the exception of depriving the animal of response cues at the end of the series. Finally, the last transfer test consisted of altering reward memories without response placements, NRR. The pattern of approach was altered in all three transfer tests, suggesting that pre-training involving response placements may influence a subject to adopt learning about the rewards within a series rather than the positions rewards occupy in the series.

9:20-9:35 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Matthew S. Luckett
Title: Resting in Peace: John Wyclyf and the Church's Refusal to Condemn a Heresiarch
Department: History
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Dalton Curtis

Abstract: This study attempts to systematically answer a historical riddle that has failed to generate a great deal of analysis. In short, why was John Wyclyf, a pre-reformation preacher and skeptic, spared from punishment for his alleged heresies? Traditional assumptions such as royal favor and percieved risk are taken into consideration, and the outcome is a three-tiered approach to a problem that has been prone to oversimplification. In addition, Wyclyf's teachings, relationships, and historicity are discussed briefly, with an emphasis on his direct role within the Lollard movement. Given the somewhat arcane nature of the material, the presentation will include a general treatment and discussion of Wyclyf and the historical setting, in addition to an overview of the thesis.

9:35-9:50 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Drewing, Amy; Kinder, Devin; Loftis, Lisa; Malahy, Russ; Moore, Aaron; Satterfield, Erin; Whitehead, Brian; Wright, Marcella
Title: Soil Genesis in the Missouri Ozarks
Department:  Environmental Science
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Michael Aide

Abstract: Three fragipan containing soils in Carter County were investigated to determine: (i)their overall physical and chemical properties, (ii) clay mineralogy, (iii) and geochemical attributes, and (iv) to infer the evolutional development of the soils. Routine characterization included field soil descriptions and laboratory assessment of the particle size distribution, pH, total acidity, exchangeable bases, the clay mineralogy by X-ray diffraction, and metal oxide concentrations by aqua-regia digestion. The soils are highly weathered soils having an extremely acidic reaction and a very low soil fertility component. Clay contents are maximized in the argillic horizon and the underlying parent materials. The clay mineralogy is dominated by kaolinite, with secondary quantities of hydrox-Al interlayered vermiculite. Iron, V, Sc and other metals and metalloids correspond to the clay maximum, suggesting that iron oxides are co-forming with clay. The profile descriptions and laboratory data indicate that these soils consist of a modern developing soil resting on an ancestral soil.

10:00-10:15 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Reginald A. Jennings
Title: A Comparative Study of the Civil Rights Movement and the Apartheid in South Africa
Department: Political Science
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Alynna Lyon

Abstract: The paper is a comparative analysis of the American Civil Rights Movement and the Apartheid movement in South Africa. The paper explores the development of the movement and how one movement influenced to other. Both involved the development of social movements that resulted in political violence. The analysis uses Doug McAdam's model to explore the foundation of the movement, its resources and what reasons he list as for the cause of the movement. The Apartheid in South Africa really was done over many years and the Civil Rights movement was in the middle of this movement. It the Apartheid really ended when Nelson Mandela came to power as President of South Africa. There will also be an analytical look at the leaders of both movements and what each one brought to each movement.

10:15-10:30 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Susanne Kranz
Title: The East German State's Policy toward Women 1945-1989
Department: History
Faculty sponsor: Dr. David Cameron

Abstract: This research paper is based on a chapter of my master's thesis "Women Movements in East Germany and the State's Policy toward Women." The communist ideas of KarlMarx, Frederick Engels, and August Bebel were essential for the East German state because they clarified the general view toward women in a socialist society. GDR leaders, such as Walter Ulbricht and Erich Honecker, implemented these communist ideas in the East German political, social, and cultural system. In addition, these ideas characterized the GDR and the perception of women in a socialist state. Due to suppressive state policies and a well-structured security police, the Stasi (State’s Security), women as well as other citizens had no chance to organize themselves in an independent women’s movement. People realized late that they are lacking basic human rights, such as participation in the political process, freedom to express their opinion, freedom to speak, and freedom to travel. The state’s policy toward women was mainly aimed in the direction of mothers, and not toward women as women. The state's policy occurred in three different phases. It is important to examine the changes in state’s policy during the existence of the GDR (German Democratic Republic). Even though the government enacted many social-political laws and regulations that were thought of to take the burden from women; these policies led to a discontent of women with the system. In the 1970s and 1980s the first women, civil rights, peace, and environmental movements emerged. The East German regime propagated achieved emancipation due to the involvement of women in the labor force and economic independence from their husbands. Women soon began to realize that emancipation and equality meant more than employment and economic independence. Approximately 91 percent of East German women were drawn into the labor force. Women had many social advantages in the GDR but the old and traditional gender roles remained active. Women had to take care of the household, raise the children and work. The state's policy toward women was in parts very progressive but the circumstances of the commununist society and the traditional thinking did not allow a successful emancipated women's policy.

10:30-10:45 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom 

Authors: John Richard Castronova
Title: Effects of Exposure Frequency, Duration and Stimulus Complexity on the Mere Exposure Effect.
Department: Psychology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Phillip Finney

Abstract: This study tested whether exposure duration and frequency both produce the mere exposure effect for simple and complex stimuli. Ninety undergraduate students viewed 86 PowerPoint slides of 12 nonsense words (simple stimuli) or 12 ideograms (complex stimuli). A Latin square ensured that, across 48 versions of the slides, each stimulus occurred an equal number of times at each frequency level (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, or 25). The duration of presentation of all slides on each version was 1, 2, 4, or 6 seconds. Participants rated the perceived goodness-badness of each stimulus on a 7-point like-dislike scale recreated from Zajonc (1968). The main effect for frequency of exposure was significant, with higher exposures leading to more affect. Increasing duration of exposure did not create liking for stimuli. The 3-way interaction was broken down and found that affect ratings for simple stimuli increased as did duration and frequency and affect ratings for complex stimuli increased as did frequency but were unchanged by increased duration. The results suggested that a satiation or boredom effect might have occurred for complex stimuli at higher exposure durations.

11:00-11:15 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom 

Authors: Guillaume Quélin
Title: Heat Conduction in Aluminum Bar
Department: Physics
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Dahiya

Abstract: In this paper, I am going to present the concept of heat conduction and report the results we obtained from our experiment on an aluminum bar, for various temperature gradients. I will first introduce and distinguish the concepts of heat and temperature. I will then focus on conduction as one of several possibilities of heat transfer, and I will quickly explain the microscopic interpretation of this phenomenon. Then I will present the basic theory describing heat conduction, limiting the explanation to simple equations and broad concepts. Finally I will present the experiment we performed in order to verify the theory. I will describe our set-up and give a brief summary of the results, showing how these compared with the theory.

11:15-11:30 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom 

Authors: Kevin McCain
Title: Actualized Epistemology of the Unconscious
Department: Philosophy/Psychology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Hamner Hill
Format: 15-minute oral presentation

Abstract: Justified true belief was the criteria for knowledge in epistemology until Edmund Gettier came up with his famous counterexamples. First of all, this paper is an effort to find a way to reconcile justified true belief theory with Gettier’s counterexamples by using psychological theory as verification for epistemological claims as W.V. Quine suggested in the past. However, this paper seeks to show that the psychological theory that Quine suggested for use with epistemology is too narrow. This paper examines the possibility of combining two psychological theories, the theories of Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow, to create a more complete epistemological theory that is not debunked by Gettier’s counterexamples and still fits with the common sense concept of knowledge. Finally, this paper seeks to apply the resulting epistemological theory to a short story by D.H. Lawrence to determine if the main character of “The Rocking Horse Winner” really has knowledge of which horse will win the races.

11:15-11:30 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom 

Authors: Nadia Georgieva and Brooke Phillips
Title: Characteristics of a Semiconductor Diode Laser
Department: Physics
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Jai N. Dahiya

Abstract: The objective in this experiment is to study the electrical and optical characteristics of a semiconductor diode laser. We obtained the power-current (light-current) characteristics of a laser model SDL-5301-G1, and we investigated the temperature dependence of the lasing threshold current. We experienced the temperature dependence of the wavelength, and we determined the emission spectra of the semiconductor laser diode below the threshold current, just at the threshold, and slightly above it. The wavelength we had measured during the experiment confirmed the data from the specification sheets of the diode laser. We also obtained the voltage-current characteristics for the laser. The laser diode controller and the optical multimeter used in this experiment allowed precise measurements of voltage, current, wavelength, and power.

1:30-1:45 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom 

Authors: Len T. Berry
Title: Reproductive Strategies in Spiders
Department: Biology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. John S. Scheibe

Abstract: The burden of mating in the majority of spider species is placed upon the male. In terms of size, strength, and territory, the females are the far more superior gender. Males will go through a series of various courtship actions in an effort to precipitate mating; these actions include web plucking, exploitation of female predatory habits, and various forms of movement. For most species, copulation will occur more than once, often resulting in the male being eaten by the female. Those species of spiders that do not experience cannibalization usually only copulate once before moving on. One of the major benefits of having multiple insertions is greater number of progeny, as demonstrated through analysis of sperm successfully fertilizing eggs in the female’s body.

1:45-2:00 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom 

Authors: Jeffrey Overbey, Angela Kolve, and Nathan Hirtz
Title: Optimizing Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Through Mathematical Morphology
Department: Mathematics
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Robert Sheets

Abstract: In gamma knife radiosurgery, a large helmet is affixed to the patient’s head, and 201 cobalt-60 sources within the helmet are focused at a given point within the skull in order to destroy tumor tissue. Planning a gamma knife treatment is a nontrivial process. Normal tissue outside the tumor must only receive a small fraction of the radiation, or, ideally, none at all. Shots should not overlap, and levels of radiation across the volume should be as even as possible. Finally, at least 90% of the target volume must be covered, and this must be done using as few shots as possible. The treatment planning problem was described using a mathematical model, and algorithms were designed to plan and optimize treatments. Possible shot isocenters were identified using three-dimensional skeletonization and skeletal projection analysis. Algorithms were designed to build these into a set of possible treatments and to choose the one determined to be the most optimal, subject to limitations imposed by the equipment and the nature of the treatment. Through the use of surface fitting software, a formula was derived for selecting the most optimal treatment from the subset of all treatments affecting at least 90% of the target volume.

2:00-2:15 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Andrew F. Johnson
Title: Gender differences in recall of errands
Department: Psychology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Pollina

Abstract: This study examined possible gender differences and order effects in recall of everyday errands. The sample consisted of 70 undergraduates (N=70) earning psychology course credit for their participation. Two conditions were examined to determine if the order affected recall. In the first condition, participants (60% of the sample) were presented a series of fifteen images representing errands to be done in a linear order; in the second condition, participants (40% of the sample) were presented the same images in a nonlinear order. The highest number of errands recalled was fifteen and the lowest was four; only four participants could recall all of the errands. Analyses of variance revealed no significant differences between conditions, and no significant gender differences. Gender stereotyping each of the fifteen images would create a stronger manipulation and possibly affect recall. However, more investigation is needed to conclude that gender differences and order influence recall of everyday errands.

2:45-3:00 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom   

Authors:  Joseph Paikeday* and Brad Ashley
Title: Polarization Potential for e-Argon Scattering by  DCS Minimization at Intermediate Energies
Department: Physics
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Joseph Paikeday

Abstract: The differential scattering cross-section (DCS) for electrons scattered elastically by Argon atoms is studied using a model potential. In the present study the long range polarization potential is represented by an energy-dependent function in the form: Vp(E,r) = ad/[ r + x(a,b,E)]4 and the short range part is constructed from the non-relativistic Hartree Fock wave function of the target atom in the form Vs(r) = (2Z/r)SnCnexp{-nCor}. Accurate phase shifts have been computed for angular momentum in the range 0 < l <13 from the Schrodinger equation and the Born approximation for higher values of l < 1000. The computed differential cross-section obtained using the approximate effective interaction potential for electrons scattered by the target atoms in their ground state is compared with available published results. In the present study the parameters contained in the energy-dependent polarization potential are determined by the minimization of the DCS with respect to angle q and the incident energy of E. The critical values of angle and energy (qc , Ec ) are found to be (117.3°, 120.0 eV), (64.1°, 41.3 eV) and (140.1°,37.3 eV). The resulting DCS in the angular range 2° < q < 178° is found to be an improvement over earlier results and in better agreement with the available experimental data in the intermediate energy range.

3:00-3:15 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom   

Authors: Pamela M. Watson
Title: The origins of Christmastime traditions
Department: English
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Arpin

Abstract: This paper addresses the origins of  Christmas traditions, and the relationships that they might have with each other Historically, what does the birth of Christ actually have to do with Christmas and our Christmas traditions? Did the Three Wise Men actually start the tradition of Christmas giving? What about the Christmas star that was shining over the manger in Bethlehem? And December 25th is only a week a way from our New Year’s Day. Is a virgin birth unique to Christmas? We hear a lot about putting Christ back in Christmas, but does Christ even belong there in the first place? Santa Claus, The Virgin Mary, evergreens, Christmas trees, holly or mistletoe. Gift giving and receiving, and a full stomach, before the lean times of the upcoming winter are all symbols of our hopes and dreams for the coming New Year, the annual ending and beginning of a life cycle. We give the gift of light to the Sun to help it along on its journey, by lighting candles and Yule logs. We hope for love and life eternal with our decorations of our Christmas trees, holly wreaths and sprigs of mistletoe. We look for comfort in the womb of the manger, striving for the innocence of a life we once knew a long time ago when Santa Claus was as real to us as the reindeer at the zoo, or the baby Jesus, Mithra, Buddah or Adonis, that will show us the way to peace, to hope, to love, like the “Star in the East” tried to do two thousand years ago.

3:15-3:30 – Wednesday, UC Ballroom 

Authors: Tim Joiner
Title: Laser Light and Holography
Department: Physics
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Dahiya

Abstract: This experiment was a study of the methods used to capture holograms and a study of their properties and the theory behind holograms. Both reflection and transmission holograms were attempted with success only in the reflection method setup. Using the reflection method several holograms were created with different objects and exposure times. Through these results we were able to conclude that very reflective objects that are not the same color as the laser produced the best hologram. Also we found that with our .95mW laser an exposure time of 20 seconds was optimal.

10:00-10:15 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Kendra M. Holder
Title: Acceptance/Rejection, Control, Communication, and Closeness in the Father-Daughter Relationship and Self-Esteem in the Adult Daughter
Department: Psychology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Gail Overbey

Abstract: This study sought to determine which aspect of the father-daughter relationship was most highly correlated with self-esteem in the college-aged female. Four aspects of the relationship were studied--acceptance/rejection, control, communication, and closeness. Participants were 82 female students. Both time spent and psychological closeness were positively associated with self-esteem. Positive associations were also shown with several aspects of communication: praise, positive tone, clarification, and total communication. Avoidance and contradiction formed negative associations with self-esteem. Acceptance and warmth/affection were positively associated with self-esteem, while indifference/neglect was negatively associated with self- esteem in the adult daughter. The findings suggest that communication has the greatest overall impact on self-esteem in the adult daughter. This study implicates negative aspects of the father-daughter relationship as having a greater impact upon adult daughter self-esteem than many positive aspects of the relationship.

10:15-10:30 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Lisa L. Loftis
Title: Do They Eat Petroleum Hydrocarbons?  Bioremediation of Toluene by Oil-Water Separator Bacteria
Department:  Biology
Faculty sponsor: Dr.James Champine

Abstract: In order to study microbial toluene degradation, bacteria were isolated from a dual phase extraction unit. In the oil/water separator of the unit, unknown bacteria are building up on the top of the water, clogging a slotted pipe that is used to skim oil off the top of the water. Microorganisms were plated on complex medium (Tryptic Soy Agar). Bacterial isolates were then inoculated into serum bottles with dilute TSA containing 10 l of toluene. Toluene in the headspace was analyzed on a Perkin Elmer Gas Chromatograph with a flame ionization detector. Seven types of bacteria showed signs of toluene degradation. They have been reinoculated three times and have degraded toluene each time within seven days. Identification of the seven toluene-degrading organisms will be done. To measure cell mass, optical density of the culture, an indirect means of measuring growth, will be done. In addition, with the toluene-degrading organisms, other hydrocarbons like benzene will be inoculated into serum bottles to look for evidence of degradation.

10:30-10:45 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Susanne Kranz
Title: German Women’s Movements in the 19^th Century
Department: History
Faculty sponsor: Dr. David Cameron

Abstract: This research paper is based on a chapter of my master's thesis "Women Movements in East Germany and the State's Policy toward Women." The German women’s movement emerged relatively late in comparison with other countries such as France, the USA, and England. Different social, political, and economic developments caused the belated consciousness of female identity, and the recognition of a necessary fight for equal rights. In Germany the family was seen as the "germ cell" of the state, which implies traditional and conservative thoughts and opinions about women and their emancipation during the early nineteenth century. Family and marriage were the essential pillars of society. Women’s main tasks were household, motherhood, childcare, and being good wives to their husbands. This was the natural occupation which they had to fulfill. The total subordination to the man was regarded as completely ordinary. The emergence of the new industrial age, different ways of production, new techniques and machines, new freedoms for women, civil freedoms, and the inequality of women gave rise to new impulses for the liberation of women. Nineteenth-century Germany was economically well developed, and industrialization took root rapidly. Through this, the position of women of all social classes changed, though to a different extent according to the social class the women belonged to. Moreover, women had a poor social standing in society. They were discriminated against in education, exploited, and forced to work outside the house to maintain their living. This situation created a double burden for women and led to a decrease in women’s ability to work in the household, and to an enormous hardship. The main women’s movements were the bourgeois and the proletarian women’s movement. The paper will describe the main differences between the movements and the general developments of the first women’s movement in German history.  

11:00-11:15 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Kyle R Mara and Rex Meade Strange*
Title: Eye Development in Ammocoetes of the Least Brook Lamprey, Lampetra aepyptera
Department: Biology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Rex Mead Strange

Abstract: Eye development in lampreys is different from that of other vertebrates. A small area of the retina (retina A) develops very early in embryogenesis and persists as a differentiated patch of cells in an otherwise undeveloped retina. Retina A may be functional in precocial species, however retinal structure is unknown in altrical species. I examined the histological structure and development of Lampetra aepyptera in order to better understand eye development and structure in an altricial species. Specimens representing 3 different year classes were examined. Retina A is present in 1st year larvae, but the eye does not appear functional. Retinal structure in premetamorphic larvae (4th year class) suggests that the eye is functional just prior to metamorphosis. This is in contrast with previous reports of the retinal development in precocial species.

11:15-11:30 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Christina Williams
Title: The Emergence of Islam into Western Society
Department: Political Science
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Lyon
Abstract: People of many ages, races, and creeds practice the teachings of Islam. But, for those of us who practice different religions, the ways of Islam are mysterious. There are Muslims in the United States, and in other parts of the Western world, but many of us tend to think that Muslims live only in the Middle East. Because people assume that Muslims are from the Middle East, they connect the faith with common stereotypes about people from the region. Most Muslims are thought to be radicals and crazy. They are also thought to hate westerners and the way we live. Their percieved hatred towards the west leads some to believe that Muslims cannot successfully integrate into western societies. Huntington describes the phenomenon as the "Clash of Civilizations." Considering the multitude of Muslims who dwell in the west, I believe that they can co-exist with few problems. Because, whenever different groups of people integrate problems exist. The difficulties that accompany the integration of societies are not unique to Muslims. In my paper, I will track the path of Islam from its origin to its emergence in the West. I will also discuss the different sects of Islam, which sect is most prominent in the West, and how The Nation of Islam in the United States differs from the Islam that originated in the Middle East.

11:30-11:45 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Heather R. Jones, Hope L. Diamond, and Lucinda J. Swatzell*
Title: Mechanisms of Water Balance in the Gametophyte Stage of the Xerophytic Fern Cheilanthes lanosa
Department: Biology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Lucinda J. Swatzell

Abstract: Cheilanthes lanosa is a xerophytic fern that typically inhabits sandstone bluff tops in the region extending between southern Missouri and the remainder of the northeastern United States. The basis for Cheilanthes gametophyte survival in these regions is unclear, since protonemal cells lack morphological features that prevent desiccation and an apparent intolerance of standing water. We hypothesized that cell wall morphology and diffusion may have significant roles in water balance within the gametophyte stage of C. lanosa. C. lanosa gametophytes were grown on dry sand or in agar culture and then were exposed to 50 mM increments of CaCl2, NaCl and sucrose every 5 min until 500 mM of the particular solute was reached. Immediate immersion exposures to CaCl2, NaCl and sucrose, in which gametophytes began in 100 mM solution and were immediately brought to 500 mM solution, were also conducted and the permeability coefficients of each scenario were compared. Using a modification to Fick’s Law (Flux = -Permeability coefficient*Surface area[(Osmoutside-Osminside)/Distance]), it was shown that a difference in the permeability coefficients exists between protonemal cells that experienced immediate immersion in high solute concentrations and those that were introduced gradually to high solute concentrations. In addition, permeability coefficients were higher for agar-grown gametophytes and neglible for sand-grown gametophytes. Sand-grown gametophytes also produced wax glands on trichomes, which are features not previously described in this species. These data suggest the presence of aquaporins and/or variations in cell wall thickness and composition. Additional C. lanosa gametophytes were incubated in the aquaporin inhibitor, HgCl2, and then exposed to identical timed treatments of CaCl2, NaCl and sucrose. Water flow was greatly impeded as compared with controls which were incubated in distilled H2O, suggesting that aquaporins and a strong internal gradient, in addition to environmentally plastic morphological features, may be responsible for C. lanosa’s ability to survive in arid environments. Current work includes the analysis of cell wall thickness and its role in water balance, while areas for future research include the study of cell wall composition, as well as aquaporin distribution and expression in various stages of the life cycle of C. lanosa.

11:45-12:00 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Choo Kiang Ng, Jack Sterrett*, Phil Parette*
Title: Evaluation of a Graduate School Web-Site by University Students
Department: M. B. A.
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Phil Parette

Abstract: For colleges and universities, the Internet serves as an effective and inexpensive information-dissemination tool. In addition, academic institutions are increasingly using the Internet as a vehicle for student recruitment and a method of application. The highly competitive nature of Web sites has suggested a need to study and address the needs and preferences of both current and prospective Web users. Equally important is the need to evaluate the effectiveness of a Web site by analyzing input and feedback from Web users. Examination of the literature reveals that little is known about the use of the Web in higher education settings, especially use by university students (undergraduate and graduate students). Little effort has been made to examine post-graduate academic Web sites (e.g., college or university graduate school Web sites) and to examine how undergraduate and graduate students perceive these sites. To address these issues, this study examined how university students perceived college and university graduate school Web sites. The purpose of this study is three-fold: to (a) examine how undergraduate and graduate students perceived college and university Web sites in general; (b) examine the differences in the perceptions between undergraduate and graduate students; and (c) evaluate the effectiveness of a School of Graduate Studies & Research Web site, in particular (www2.semo.edu/gradschool), by asking participants to perform selected tasks and to rate the Web site based on their experience.

12:00-12:15 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Brandi Taylor
Title: Oxidation of Alcohols with Silica Gel Supported Catalytic Ruthenium Reagent
Department: Chemistry
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Mohammed Ali

Abstract: Selective oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes is an important reaction in synthetic organic chemistry. Although highly desirable, only a very few procedures for such transformation has been reported in the literature. Aldehydes are not stable in most commonly utilized oxidation reaction conditions, and as a result, attempted oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes often produces carboxylic acids as the end product. Reported procedures also suffer from additional disadvantages. Reagents utilized in the reported procedures either require multi-step syntheses or are based on highly toxic chromium metals that are not safe to use from the environmental and health perspectives. We have developed an oxidation procedure by supporting catalytic amounts of RuCl3 and stoichiometric amounts of sodium metaperiodate on silica gel that oxidizes primary alcohols to aldehydes without producing any carboxylic acid. Our procedure is simple, mild, and environmentally safe. Results of our investigation will be presented.

1:00-1:15 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Tim Joiner
Title: Solar Escape Velocity of an Earth Launched Satelite
Department: Physics
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Venezian

Abstract: A three-body system, such as the Earth, Sun, and a satellite originating from Earth is studied. Various methods are used to obtain the original velocity required for the satellite to escape orbiting both the Earth and the Sun. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of Mathcad to simulate this scenario using various reference frames and coordinate systems to find the most accurate value for the escape velocity.

1:15-1:30 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Brad Ashley
Title: Measurements of the Wavelength of Laser Light and Index of Refraction of Air Using Michelson Interferometry.
Department: Physics
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Dahiya

Abstract: In the first part of the experiment, Michelson Interferometry was used to experimentally determine the wavelength of the beam of light generated by a Helium-Neon laser, which was the light source for the interferometry. The experimental method utilized in this phase of the experiment produced a value of 665 ± 17 nanometers for the wavelength of the Helium-Neon laser. In the second part of this experiment, a value for the index of refraction of air at 1.0 atmosphere of pressure (76.0 cm Hg) was calculated to be 1.00030 ± 0.00006. Both parts of the experiment utilized the same basic setup and a Helium-Neon laser was used as the light source throughout this entire experiment.

1:30-1:45 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Sandra Deannza Braggs
Title: Rape in Film: The Viewer As Spectator and Participant
Department: English
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Carol Scates

Abstract: The point of view in film, by the spectator, is controlled by the camera. If the camera angle gives the story through the rapist eyes or the victim's eyes, does the spectator realize this and does it decide their viewing of the film? In some films, we find rape is the central theme, such as in the film The Accused. Most of the time, rape is just one of many violences portrayed in films, such as The Crow. In some films, the rape isn't actually viewed by the spectator but is implied in the film such as in Titus. One particular theory on the spectator and film is called scopophilia. This theory has been written about in great degree by author Laura Mulvey. The research for this paper consisted of viewing many films where rape was an issue on one level or another, the reading of many feminist journal articles and books, and several articles on rape found in psychology journals.

1:45-2:00 – Thursday, UC Ballroom

Authors: Tim Joiner & Brad Ashley
Title: Testing GAL16V8 Programable Logic Devices Using a Combinational Logic Program
Department: Physics
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Pashaie

Abstract: A test routine is programmed using the WinCUPL language. The test routine is then run on various GAL16V8 chips, some of which are known to be bad. From our results we were able to observe how the internal architecture of he chip effects both the operation of the chip and its reliability.

Poster Abstracts, In Order of Appearance

back to Paper Abstracts 

11:00-11:45  – Wednesday, UC Missouriana-Indian Room

Authors: Dimitri Patterson
Title: Communication between Athletes and Coaches
Department: Criminal Justice
Faculty sponsor: Ms. Sophia Scott

Abstract: The transition from high school to college as a student athlete can be both exciting and frightening. Communicating effectively with student athletes only put them in a position where they can achieve greatness. Student athletes lives change tremendously, they need the support and guidance to steer them in the right direction for academic excellence. Coaches have a big influence on how student athletes perform in academics. I found that coaches should involve student athletes in weekly discussions whether it's about school or life itself. My secondary research has shown that student athletes respond better when they feel that coaches are there for them in spite of their situation. Student athletes get mixed messages about school, sports, media, other adults, and perhaps even family members. It is up to the coaches to be aware of the mixed messages and help the student athlete clarify their situation.

11:00-11:45  – Wednesday, UC Missouriana-Indian Room

Authors: Dawn Wilson, Monica Montgomery, Lisa Kruse
Title: The Comparison and Results of Two Phonological Therapy Techniques in a Four Year Old Child with a Phonological Disorder
Department: Communication Disorders
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Marcia J. Brown

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare two different therapy techniques used with a four-year-old child diagnosed with a phonological disorder. The study will compare Hodson’s “Cycle Approach to Phonological Remediation” with the “Moving Across Syllables” approach. During the first part of the semester, the client used Hodson’s Cycle Approach to therapy; she is currently using the Moving Across Syllables approach. The results from the first part of the semester will be compared to current therapy results, to determine if one of the methods is more efficient for this particular client. Hodson’s Cycle approach targets phonological processes or groups of sounds that have common elements; for example, strident phonemes (s, z, f, v, sh, ch, and j) are made by forcing air through a small opening between two articulators. Moving Across Syllables targets place of articulation rather than phonological processes. For example, bilabial phonemes (p, b, and m) are made by placing two lips together. Structure of the sessions is basically the same; the targets differ between the two types of therapy.

11:00-11:45  – Wednesday, UC Missouriana-Indian Room

Authors: Pam Hankins and Dawn Poston
Title: Influence of Genetics on Personality as studied with Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins Reared Together
Department: Psychology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Martha Zlokovich

Abstract: In order to find out if certain personality traits are more heritable than others, we questioned parents of twins to rate each twin with a survey of 18 traits. Personality traits were rated in both monozygotic and dizygotic pairs of twins. The differences in each pair were averaged among monozygotic and the mean difference was found for dizygotic pairs also. That is, we recorded how different sibling pairs are to one another and then compared the findings among fraternal and identical twins. Our findings show that on an overall basis, fraternal twins are more similar which could suggest a stronger environmental influence on personality in general. However, some traits showed a much greater similarity in identical twins, like being trusting. Shyness showed a slightly stronger genetic influence also. Such traits as anger and being confident showed a stronger environmental influence because fraternal twins were more similar than identical.

11:00-11:45  – Wednesday, UC Missouriana-Indian Room

Title: Piercing and Tattoos: Social Interactions of Young Adults and the Pressures to Conform
Department: Psychology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Martha Zlokovich
Abstract: The present study, done at a Midwestern, mid-sized university, looked for the reasons why people with piercings and tattoos chose to conform. Social groups tend to conform to the other members in the group. We looked for other variables such as symbolism for their piercing or tattoo, if the process was painful or enjoyable, how many people went with the person, why the person chose the piercing or tattoo that they did, and if they see their piercing or tattoo as a body modification. The main hypothesis for the present research study was that individuals choose to conform to the social group of which they are a part .

2:45-3:00  – Wednesday, UC Missouriana-Indian Room

Authors: Cynthia L. Stoverink
Title: Parental Influence: The Effects on Peer Relationships
Department: Psychology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Martha Zlokovich

Abstract: The effects of parental influence on adolescent peer relationships was investigated by survey distributed to 12 families in a small town with a small school district and 10 families in a larger town with a large school district in the Midwest. The hypothesis was that parents do have a significant influence on the choice of peers by their adolescents, and the adolescents, in return, respects the guidance today's parents provide. This hypothesis was supported. Most participants, parents and adolescents alike, reported that they do discuss peer relationships frequently and trust in one another's judgment in the choice and advice in the choosing of friends.

2:45-3:00  – Wednesday, UC Missouriana-Indian Room

Authors: Donna Kridelbaugh, Sandra Dase, Ben Glaus, Maija Bluma, James Champine*
Title: Cloning and Sequencing of a c-type Cytochrome from a Plasmid Library of Geobacter metallireducens EcoRI Chromosomal DNA Fragments
Department: Biology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. James Champine

Abstract: In order to investigate the physiology and central metabolic pathways of Geobacter metallireducens Strain GS-15, a plasmid library of EcoRI-digested chromosomal DNA fragments was constructed in E. coli. A probe for a nirS homolog from Pseudomonas stutzeri and an oligonucleotide probe based on cytochrome c7 protein sequence data are being used to investigate cd and c7 cytochromes. Degenerate probe HEM1B, based on 7 amino acids including the heme 1 binding site of cytochrome c7 found in G. metallireducens hybridized with a clone containing a 1.83 kb insert (GenBank accession AY167567). This sequence contains an ORF for a hypothetical 130 amino acid protein of unknown function. Analysis of the amino acid sequence reveals a protein of 15,302 D, pI 9.89, with 3 hydrophobic domains. The sequence contains 9 cysteine residues, 6 of which occur pair-wise in the form of CXXC indicative of c-type cytochrome heme binding sites. Structural classification of the protein suggests it is in the super family cytochrome c, most closely resembling cyt. c552 of Nitrosomonas europaea and cyt. c549 of Synechocystis. This clone also includes the sequence of a transposase not found in other G. metallireducens sequence databases and the N-terminal sequence of a polyferredoxin similar to those found in Desulfovibrio. Another clone that hybridized with the same HEM1B probe reveals partial sequences for a putative metallo--lactamase and a complete gene sequence for a putative acetyl-coA hydrolase. Further investigation with other probes resulted in the cloning of a seryl-tRNA synthetase protein gene fragment (GenBank accession AY173026), as well as a fraction of a putative histidine kinase (GenBank accession AF503927). Cloning of the c-type cytochrome may prove useful in elucidating the electron transport chains resulting in the reduction of Fe(III) and NO3-. The detection of a ferredoxin gene is consistent with the hypothesis that the iron sulfur protein acts as the physiological electron acceptor for the coenzyme A-dependent 2-oxoglutarate oxidoreductase present in the cell.

2:45-3:00  – Wednesday, UC Missouriana-Indian Room

Authors: Lisa Renee Schaefer
Title: Effects of Intrinsic/Extrinsic Personality, Music Type, and Volume Level on Reading Comprehension
Department: Psychology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Rickard A. Sebby

Abstract: College men and women (N=70) from Southeast Missouri State University participated in an experiment testing the effects of personality, music type, and volume level on reading comprehension. Participants filled out a demographic inventory. Also, they filled out a personality inventory. Then they were either administered music with volume manipulation or no music while taking a reading comprehension test that consisted of answering 6 questions which they were allotted 10 minutes. After the time elapsed, the participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire. No statistical significant differences between the 7 groups (no music, instrumental classical low volume, instrumental classical high volume, rap low volume, rap high volume, vocal classical low volume, and vocal classical high volume) were found. The rap low volume group performed the best, and the rap high volume group produced the poorest results on the reading comprehension test.

12:45-1:45  – Thursday, UC Missouriana-Indian Room

Authors: Brandi Shane Nine

Title: Career Development Program for College Aged Students
Department:  Education Administration and Counseling
Faculty sponsor: Dr. Julieta Monteiro-Leitner

Abstract: Many college aged students are often misinformed and uncertain about the career development process. They prefer career assistance services to be specific, immediate and have tangible results. This career counseling program does so, based on the premise that self awareness and occupational information will provide the necessary tools for students to make educated decisions concerning their career path. Small groups of college students ranging from first year students to seniors will increase their personal awareness and gain valuable career information through individual activities,group activities with discussions and occupational research over a period of eight weekly one-hour sessions. Family occupational backgrounds are also examined in an effort to provide insight into the influences on career decisions.

12:45-1:45  – Thursday, UC Missouriana-Indian Room

Authors: James J Collins,  Jennifer L Seabaugh,,  Joe M Toney,  Danielle M Day, and James E Champine*
Title: Lead-resistant Bacterial Isolates from a Chat Pile
Department: Biology
Faculty sponsor: Dr. James Champine

Abstract: Microorganisms were isolated from a chat pile and soil in the vicinity. Chat is a byproduct of lead mining that is high in Pb content, >16,000 ppm, a natural environment which would enrich for lead tolerant microbes. Soil samples contained 2,000 – 4,000 ppm, of which 56-67% was bioavailable as determined by differential extraction procedures. Lead tolerant bacteria and one yeast were isolated on Roane minimal media with 1 mM total Pb concentration. The microbes were tested for tolerance to lead on media with 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM total lead. From soil, the yeast, isolate Pb3, was the most resistant, growing on media with 5 mM lead. Bacterial isolates Pb1, Pb4, and Pb5 grew at concentrations of 2.5 mM. Pb1 was the only isolate to grow at 37 oC and was identified as a Pseudomonas species by the Vitek ID test panel, either stutzeri (55% confidence) or fluorescens (55% confidence). From chat, distinct colony morphotypes CPC2, CPC3, CPC4, CPC5, CPA1, CPA2, and CPA6 all grew at 2.5 mM lead. As a control 29 species of known bacteria and 4 species of fungi were tested on the same medium. Of these, 11 bacteria and all the fungi were able to grow, albeit slowly, on plates containing 1 mM lead. Interestingly, several bacteria, not normally known to produce pigments, displayed reddish brown coloration suggesting Pb3O4 precipitation. Only isolates CPC3 and CPA1 showed similar coloration. To identify bacteria that do not grow at 37 oC, chromosomal DNA was extracted from each isolate and the 16S rDNA genes are being PCR amplified. Products have been cloned and sequenced using M13 forward and reverse universal primers. Sequences were compared to those in NCBI databases using the BLAST protocol. Ribosomal data has obtained from two isolates to date. Pb4 most closely resembles Ochrobactrum, a denitrifying soil organism which is known to be metal resistant and have significant bioremediation potential. Partial CPA2 sequence suggests that it is an Arthrobacter species, perhaps oxydans. This study extends our knowledge of the ecology and diversity of Pb resistant microorganisms, and they are already being studied for the physiology of their interaction with lead.

12:45-1:45  – Thursday, UC Missouriana-Indian Room

Authors: Michael R. Miller II
Title: The Communicational Change between the High School Senior and the College Freshmen
Department: Technical Engineering
Faculty sponsor: Mrs. Sophia Scott

Abstract: The transformation from high school to college can be very exciting, but it can also present its obstacles. Student’s entire lives can change right before their eyes. Their social activities, academics habits or skills, and communication with others will change. The interviews presented can and will help the college freshmen be aware or prepared for the college experience. Also other outside sources were researched to get a better understanding of what the tradition college freshmen undergoes during his or her first year. According to my data, the majority of traditional college freshmen find college communication remotely different to the communication present in high school as seniors. This study shows that high school seniors need to be prepared for the communicational transition.

9:10-9:15 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Roxann Weix, Curtis Jansen, and Martha Huck

Title: Multistep Synthesis of Cyclopentanol, Cyclopentaindole, and Various Aldol Products from Cyclohexanol

Major: Biology

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Chemistry

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Hathaway

Abstract:This experiment involved three separate synthetic steps beginning with cyclohexanol. The final product from each step became a reactant for the next step. Our group, consisting of Curtis Jansen, Roxann Weix, and Martha Huck each completed the same first two steps. Each member did a different third step to make different products. The products were cyclopentanol, cyclopentaindole, and various aldol products, respectively. The first step was the oxidation of cyclohexanol. This step opened the six-member ring, to form adipic acid. It was performed by heating cyclohexanol with nitric acid. Adipic acid precipitated from the reaction solution and was vacuum filtered off. The second step was the conversion of adipic acid to cyclopentanone. A mixture of adipic acid and barium hydroxide was distilled together. The adipic acid was

cyclized to cyclopentanone, and carbon dioxide gas was given off. Cyclopentanone was separated out of the distillate and was purified. Group member Curtis Jansen reduced cyclopentanone to cyclopentanol for his third synthetic step. This reaction was performed by the addition of cyclopentanone to sodium borohydride in dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide. The final product, cyclopentanol, was separated from solution and purified. Group member Roxann Weix added cyclopentanone to an indole for her third step. First, cyclopentanone phenylhydrazone was formed by reacting cyclopentanone with phenylhydrazine. Then the cyclopentanone phenylhydrazone was cyclized to cyclopentaindole, using polyphosphoric acid as a catalyst. Group member Martha Huck performed three different aldol condensation reactions on cyclopentanone to make three different products. For each condensation reaction, a different aldehyde, along with barium hydroxide, were reacted with cyclopentanone in ethanol. The products formed were, 2,5-Dibenzylidene cyclopentanone, 2,5-Di-(4-methyl benzylidene) cyclopentanone and 2,5-Di-(4-methoxybenzlidene) cyclopentanone.

9:15-9:20 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Joseph D. Romine and Dr. Lucinda Swatzell*

Title: Characterization of Cytoskeletal Proteins in the Negatively Phototropic Gametophyte of Schizaea pusilla

Major: Biology

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Biology

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Lucinda Swatzell

Abstract: Schizaea pusilla is a rare fern that, in North America, inhabits acid bogs of New Jersey, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland. The gametophytes are initially negatively phototrophic (grow away from the light), but become positively phototrophic (grow toward the light) at a later stage in development. For positively phototrophic plants, the cytoskeleton provides orientation and stability for growth and development, but the cytoskeleton in this negatively phototrophic fern is uncharacterized. In this study, we characterized the cytoskeletal elements of Schizaea pusilla gametophytes in the early negatively phototrophic stage using immunoblotting techniques. We found that cytoskeletal proteins in the negatively phototrophic gametophytes of Schizaea pusilla are present and similar in molecular weight to that of most other positively phototrophic higher plant species.

9:20-9:25 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Author: Nathan Tuschhoff

Title: Service Learning: Working to Aid Others

Major: Criminal Justice

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Criminal Justice

Faculty Sponsor: Mrs. Linda Ferrell

Abstract: Service learning combines academic study with community service by engaging in experiences that require structured reflections. Service learning continues to grow at a time when educators and schools are increasingly being held more accountable for their work; budgets are shrinking, and a wide range of education reform efforts are being explored. This paper is an evaluation of a service learning project conducted at an area church. It will examine how and what role service learning can play in achieving the goals of education reform.

1:30–1:35 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Eric Wittenauer and Erica Paisley

Title: The Prince William Sound (Good Friday) Earthquake of 1964

Major: Economics and Sports Management and Social Work

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Science

Faculty Sponsor: Ms. Heather Seabaugh

Abstract: The Good Friday Earthquake of 1964 is the strongest ever recorded on the North American continent and the second largest in the world. On March 28, 1964 the Yukatat block (annually shifting 5-7cm/ year) of the Pacific Plate which is subducting beneath the North American Plate along the Aleutian Trench experienced a rupture with a focus at a depth of 23km. At 3:36 UTC on the 28th (5:36 on the 27th local time) of March, this energy release began beneath Prince William Sound (61.1N 147.5W) and propagated to the southwest. The average ensuing fault slip measured 18m with a 3 degree dip. The seismic waves radiating away from the focus registered Richter magnitudes of 8.4-8.6, Mw (moment magnitude) of 9.2, and a Modified Mercalli Intensity of XI. This Aleutian-Alaska megathrust zone’s shift resulted in a 125-person death toll. Tsunamis- both regional (caused by tectonic uplift) and local (caused by landslides into fiords and bays)- were the main cause of the devastation and over 90% of the deaths. Moving 450mph and over 67m high, the tsunamis affected water levels as far away as South Africa. Four minutes of shaking resulted $311 million (1964 dollars) in damage, measurements of damage as high as XI on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale, vertical displacement over 520,000 sq. km, and an aftershock zone measuring 250km wide (20 of which were measured to be 6 or higher on the Richter scale within three weeks of the 28th) and lasting over one year.

1:35-1:40 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Marla Dial, Terra Wineman, and Uriah Kilgore

Title: The Synthesis of Cyclopentanone Using Oxidation of Cyclohexanol to Adipic Acid and Cyclization of Adipic Acid to Cyclopentanone Followed by Using Cyclopentanone to Make Various Organic Compounds

Major: Chemistry/Pre-Medical and Biomedical

Course or Department in which work was conducted: CH344

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Hathaway

Abstract:  In general, the first reaction we performed was the oxidation of cyclohexanol to adipic acid. We added the cyclohexanol to hot nitric acid. Next, we cooled and recrystallized the solution in order to collect the adipic acid crystals by vacuum filtration.

The following step was the cyclization of adipic acid to cyclopentanone. We performed this by adding a catalytic amount of barium hydroxide to the adipic acid crystals. We heated and distilled the solid. After which we salted out the cyclopentanone using saturated aqueous sodium chloride.

The authors carried out separate third steps using the cyclopentanone. The first we will discuss is Marla Dial’s reaction. She added sodium borohydride, sodium hydroxide, and sodium chloride to the cyclopentanone. Then the solution was neutralized and the product, cyclopentanol, was extracted from the aqueous layer and dried. Terra Wineman performed the next reaction with cyclopentanone. She did a Grignard reaction using phenylmagnesium bromide to make 1-phenylcyclopentanol-1. This reaction was done in an Erlenmeyer flask with anhydrous ethyl ether as a solvent and refluxed. After which hydrochloric acid was added. The various drying procedures were done then the final product was collect by vacuum filtration. Uriah Kilgore converted his cyclopentanone into various Aldol products using the Aldol Condensation reaction.

We confirmed all of our products with IR and NMR spectra. We compared our melting points/boiling points with literature values in order to correctly identify our products and to assess their respective purities.

1:40-1:45 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Beth Wuebbels, Saira Kahn, and Jessica Broyles

Title: Formation of Butadienes from Various Phosphonium Salts and the Reduction of these Butadiene Products by Hydrogenation

Major: Chemistry, Pre-med, Biology, and Biomedical Sciences

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Chemistry

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Hathaway

Abstract: This experiment was used to test different phosphonium salts to see if they would react to form butadienes by the Wittig synthesis reaction. This experiment was based on the idea that the Wittig Synthesis is very versatile and allows you to construct larger molecules from smaller ones by forming carbon-carbon double bonds. It also allows you to place the double bond where you want it as opposed to a dehydration reaction. The principle for this experiment involves carrying out the Wittig Synthesis under identical conditions, but changing the phosphonium salts from the usual benzyl triphenyl phosphonium salt. This resulted in the formation of different butadienes, which were then reduced by a hydrogenation reaction. The results of the Wittig Synthesis showed that it is possible to carry out this reaction on different salts and still obtained the desired product of the butadiene. The hydrogenation reaction proved to reduce the butadienes. The results of this experiment also suggested that further testing with more phosphonium salts would provide insight and details into the versatility of the Wittig Synthesis.

1:45-1:50 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Nathan Huck, Kari Del Vecchio, and Tasha Ware

Title: A Multistep Synthesis of Jet Fuel Intermediates from Cyclic Ketones

Major: Biology, Chemistry, and Interdisciplinary

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Chemistry

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Bruce Hathaway

Abstract: In this investigation, we have prepared variations of common jet fuel through a multistep synthesis using cyclic ketones as a starting material. Three group members utilized cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and cycloheptanone as their respective starting materials. Each member performed essentially the same reaction scheme. Samples of reaction products from each step were subjected to spectral analysis to verify the presence and purity of desired products. These analysis included Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, as well as Infrared spectroscopy.

3:30-3:35 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Michael Walls and Kelli McFarland

Title: Initial Experiments to Demonstrate Functional Complementation of Yeast Mutations with Genes from Schizophyllum commune

Major:  Biology

Course or Department in which work was conducted:  Biology

Faculty Sponsor:  Dr. Walt Lilly

Abstract: Schizophyllum commune is a model system for studying gene expression and function in filamentous fungi. Unequivocal demonstration of the function of Schizophyllum commune gene products can be done by using a clone of the gene to complement (or replace) a defective gene in another organism. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that there was a functionally homologous gene from S. commune that could be inserted into ump1D mutant S. cerevisiae cells to complement the deficiency of the mutant yeast cells. The UMP1 gene codes for a proteasome maturation factor. Proteasome maturation factor is required for a functional proteasome. If defective, cells cannot destroy misfolded proteins. This reduces the apparent concentration of functional proteins leading to cell death. A putative S. commune UMP1 gene was obtained from a pBluescript plasmid, in which it was previously cloned by members of our lab. The gene was removed from pBluescript utilizing a double digest method with the restriction enzymes EcoR1 and Xho1. The gene was then ligated into a similarly digested YEP vector, which contains a yeast promoter. The recombinant plasmid was then sequenced to ensure that proper insertion occurred. Parallel experiments to establish the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in our lab, and todemonstrate the tractability of standard yeast transformation protocols were also done.

1:50-1:55 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Bo Andel, Brian Privett, and Joe Toney

Title: The Headaches of Friedel-Crafts Acylation

Major: Pre-chiropractic, pre-medical

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Chemistry

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Muhammed Ali

Abstract: The purpose of the experiment was to create analogs of ibuprofen by using a Friedel-Crafts Acylation and several other reactions. One set of reactions involved a Friedel-Crafts Acylation of isobutylbenzene, followed by a Grignard reaction, elimination reaction, hydroboration, and finally an oxidation. This set of reactions produced ibuprofen. Another set of reaction was carried out starting with a Friedel-Crafts Acylation of anisole, followed by hydroboration, and finally a dehydration to produce 4-methoxystyrene. Other steps could be followed to produce an ibuprofen analog from 4-methoxystyrene. A third set of reactions was carried out also by starting with a Friedel-Crafts Acylation of anisole, then followed by a Willgerodt-Kindler Reaction. The first set of reactions successfully produced ibuprofen with a low yield. The second set of reactions produced 4-methoxystyrene successfully. The third set of reactions proved not to be a successful method of producing an ibuprofen analog, although the Friedel-Craft Acylation was successful.

3:35-3:40 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Author: Melissa A. Dooley

Title: Porosity and Specific Retention of Emminence-Potosi Limestone from Cheilanthes feei Habitat

Major: Biology

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Biology

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Lucinda J. Swatzell

Abstract: Cheilanthes feei, a xerophytic fern, is commonly found occupying limestone bluffs in Southeast Missouri. Its known range encompasses southwestern Canada, extends south to north central Mexico, and east to the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys of the Midwestern United States. Although C. feei has a broad distribution, it inhabits a very narrow niche, one-half to one meter from the bluff tops, often in full sun. Data from previous research indicate that C.feei protonemata exhibit a marked decrease in maturation and viability as moisture levels of the supporting growth media increase. We hypothesized that moisture levels present in the limestone are approximately those required by growing C.feei protonemata in order for their development to continue to maturity. Rock samples were taken from three sites in southeastern Missouri, one set from a protected biological station, another set from a privately owned site along a paved suburban road, and another from a publicly accessible ridge overhanging a boating access to a riverway. Rock samples were tested using standard hydrogeological formulas for specific retention and porosity. Our data indicated that, while there was no significant difference in the sample rocks taken from sites containing C. feei and those nearby sites where the fern was not present, the porosity and specific retention of limestone would provide approximately the amounts of moisture required by protonemata to thrive. .This evidence supports our hypothesis that the habitat restrictions of C. feei may be due in part to the water requirements of the protonemata.

3:40-3:45 – Wednesday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Author: Sarah Buerck

Title: A Career Counseling Project for Middle School Students, Grades Six-Eight

Major: School Counseling

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Educcation, Administration & Counseling

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Julietta Monteiro-Leitner

Abstract: This project is based on the premise that a high level of self-efficacy in adolescence will result in an equally high level of self-efficacy later in life, in terms of a career selection and job satisfaction. Thus, its purpose is to introduce middle school students to the idea of self-efficacy along with the opportunity to explore their own values and career interests. This project could be used with all classes within the middle school with groups with ages ranging from about 11 to 14 years old. It covers a nine-week period with each group meeting for approximately 1 hour per week. In each session group members will enhance the idea of self-efficacy, take a close look at personal ability and career interests, and relate self-efficacy to the world of work and success.

9:35-9:40 – Thursday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Laura Meyer and Wendy Decker

Title: Telescope Resolution: A Measurement of Diffraction Effects

Major: Physics and Chemistry

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Physics

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Margaret Hill

Abstract:  Using a 5-inch Schmitt-Cassegrain, two light sources and a ball bearing as a reflective surface, we determined that the optics were diffraction limited according to Rayleigh’s criterion and Dawes’ limit. Rayleigh’s criterion is the minimum resolvable angular separation or angular limit of resolution. The Rayleigh criterion was measured to be 4.940x10-6 radians. This is within 6.5% of the theoretical value of 5.28x10-6 radians. The Dawes limit is an empirical method used to determine the minimum angular distance between two stars in order to separately resolve them. The Dawes limit was measured to be 1.02 arc sec. This is within 11.8% of the theoretical value of .912 arc sec. We believe that besides the errors associated with the procedures for each technique, these techniques show that the optics in the telescope are diffraction limited.

9:40-9:45 – Thursday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Tommy O’Donnell and Maureen Shea

Title:A Field Experience with Project Charlie: A Primary Drug Abuse Prevention Program

Major: Criminal Justice

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Criminal Justice

Faculty Sponsor: Mrs. Linda Ferrell

Abstract: This paper presents in poster format the initial findings about the effectiveness of a twelve-week program presented to second grade students in area schools. Project Charlie is a nationally recognized drug abuse prevention program that focuses on building self-esteem, improving relationships and developing decision-making skills. These areas of learning are the basis of primary drug abuse prevention. Participant, program and outcome data for the program are discussed.

9:45-9:50 – Thursday, Glenn Auditorium Hallway

Authors: Wendy Decker, Laura Meyer, and Dr. Margaret Hill*

Title: Measuring the Index of Refraction of Glass Using a Michelson Interferometer

Major: Physics and Chemistry

Course or Department in which work was conducted: Physics

Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Margaret Hill

Abstract: The index of refraction of a glass was measured using a Michelson Interferometer. The equation used to calculate the index of refraction of glass was derived from first principles. Measurements were taken at several angles, 5 degrees, 8 degrees, and 10 degrees. The index of refraction of glass was calculated for each measurement and the results compared. For 5 degrees of rotation, the index of refraction of the glass plate was found to be 1.54. For 8 degrees of rotation, the index of refraction of the glass plate was found to be 1.48. For 10 degrees of rotation, the index of refraction of the glass plate was found to be 1.50. The average value of the index of refraction of glass for the glass plate measured was found to be 1.511. The calculated value was compared to the theoretical value of 1.51. The percent difference was calculated to be 0.06%, which agrees quite nicely.

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